Mapping far-right riots in the UK (2024)

Rioters have attacked people, shops, cars and public spaces as far-right violence sweeps across the United Kingdom.

Prime Minister Keir Starmer has decried “far-right thuggery”.

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But members of Muslim community and activists have accused politicians, including the governing Labour party, of downplaying the levels of racism and Islamophobia taking place. They also say politicians and some media outlets are to blame for railing against migration for years.

What started the riots?

Disinformation on social media is an immediate factor.

The July 29 killing of three young girls in a knife attack on a Taylor Swift-themed dance and yoga workshop in the northern English town of Southport shocked the UK. A 17-year-old suspect, Axel Rudakubana, was arrested in connection with the worst violence in the UK in a decade.

But false information on social media about the suspect’s origins spread like wildfire with some falsely naming him as a Muslim and migrant. The name “Ali al-Shakati”, with no official source, was shared.

Mapping far-right riots in the UK (1)

Even after the suspect was named as Rudakubana, a British-born teenager who is neither a Muslim nor a migrant, agitators continued to decry immigration and Muslims.

In the days following the attack in Southport, protests led by far-right groups escalated into clashes with police in multiple towns, as a wave of unrest saw rioters targeting mosques and businesses owned by the minority community and hotels housing asylum seekers.

Who is behind the riots?

Many of the rioters back the far right, police have said.

Well-known far-right figures such as Tommy Robinson, whose real name is Stephen Yaxley-Lennon, and the influencer Andrew Tate have been posting at pace, stirring up hatred online.

Tate said in a video on X that an “undocumented migrant” who had “arrived on a boat” had attacked the girls in Southport.

Robinson told his 800,000 followers on X that there was “more evidence to suggest Islam is a mental health issue rather than a religion of peace”.

Reform UK leader Nigel Farage is said to have fuelled tensions by questioning whether police were being truthful about Southport’s attack not being “terror-related”.

Where have riots spread in the UK?

Riots have swept across most of the UK, including in Wales and Northern Ireland, however, the majority of unrest has been in English cities and towns.

Some of the locations include: Aldershot, Belfast, Birmingham, Blackburn, Blackpool, Bolton, Bristol, Cardiff, Darlington, Hartlepool, High Wycombe, Hull, Leeds, Leicester, Liverpool, London, Manchester, Middlesbrough, Nottingham, Plymouth, Portsmouth, Preston, Rotherham, Southport, Stoke-on-Trent, Sunderland, Tamworth and Weymouth.

How many people have been arrested?

More than 400 people have been arrested since the violence began, 100 of whom have already been charged.

According to London Metropolitan Police, 111 people were arrested in central London on Wednesday following a demonstration in Whitehall.

In other places such as Middlesbrough, in northern England, about 43 people were arrested on Monday, said Cleveland police. At least 29 people had been arrested in Hull so far, according to Humberside police.

Mapping far-right riots in the UK (2)

Why are Muslims, immigrants, and other minority groups being targeted?

Muslims have borne the brunt of the attacks, but Black Britons and immigrants have also been targeted.

The feeling among many is that everyone in the country who is not white could be targeted.

In Stoke-on-Trent, a mosque was vandalised earlier in the week as part of the protest that turned violent on Saturday.

The causes of the riots are complex. There are explanations here and here. The Southport tragedy appears to have provided the far right with a “reason” to riot, but there are longer-term factors at play, such as the anti-migrant narratives adopted by several leading politicians.

Some British media outlets are asking if the far-right rioters have legitimate concerns about immigration.

A recent YouGov poll suggests 8 percent of Britons sympathise with the rioters.

What’s next?

Police and officials are telling the public that perpetrators of violence and abuse will be punished. Meanwhile, ethnic minority and migrant communities are becoming more fearful.

In a recent news conference, South Yorkshire Police’s Assistant Chief Constable Lindsey Butterfield stated, “If you were there, we will find you and you will be held accountable for yesterday’s violence.”

Veteran Labour politician Diane Abbott said on X, “Nationwide anti-immigrant riots on a scale never seen before. Threatening life, property and our police force. We need to recall Parliament.”

On Wednesday, police say 100 more far-right gatherings could take place. They have deployed thousands of officers to avert possibleattacks on immigration solicitors and refugee centres.

Mapping far-right riots in the UK (2024)

FAQs

What caused the riots in the UK? ›

Disorganised groups of racists took to the streets immediately. These riots have been blamed on the initial spread of both misinformation – led by a usual coterie of bad actors – social media and Elon Musk specifically – and disinformation pushed by Russian and Israeli actors.

Where in the UK are riots happening? ›

Violence in south Belfast, where anti-immigration and anti-racism protesters faced off in tense scenes outside the city hall, involved “racist elements”, a judge has said. Police are investigating an assault on a man whose head was reportedly stamped on as a racially motivated hate crime.

Why were there riots in England 2011? ›

The protests started in Tottenham Hale, London, following the killing of Mark Duggan, a local black man who was shot dead by police on 4 August.

How did the government respond to the London riots? ›

Home Secretary Yvette Cooper earlier pledged the government would support police with additional costs for officers working overtime. In addition to more riot police being put on standby, forces are also stepping up neighbourhood policing patrols while teams of detectives investigate.

What caused UK riots in 2024? ›

They followed a mass stabbing in Southport on 29 July, in which three children were killed. The attacker was falsely alleged on social media to be a Muslim asylum seeker. The first riot started in Southport and later many protests and riots spread across the country.

What started the Queen Street riots? ›

A free concert in Aotea Square, Auckland, to celebrate the end of the 1984 academic year turned ugly when riot police attempted to arrest a drunken man who urinated on the crowd from a roof. Members of the audience resisted the police, who decided to close down the concert.

Is protesting a right in the UK? ›

Protesting is legal in England and Wales, the right to protest is protected under the European Convention of Human Rights. However, this only applies to peaceful protest and does not extend to any violence inflicted or damage caused during a protest.

How many people are needed for a riot UK? ›

c. 5), sometimes called the Riot Act 1714 or the Riot Act 1715, was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain which authorised local authorities to declare any group of 12 or more people to be unlawfully assembled and order them to disperse or face punitive action.

How many people died during the London riots? ›

At the end of the rioting, five people had died, including a 68-year-old man who was attacked while attempting to stamp out a litter-bin fire in Ealing. Dozens of people were left homeless and more than 200 people were injured, the vast majority of them police officers.

What caused riots? ›

Historically, riots have occurred due to poverty, unemployment, poor living conditions, governmental oppression, taxation or conscription, conflicts between ethnic groups (race riot) or religions (e.g., sectarian violence, pogrom), the outcome of a sporting event (e.g., sports riot, football hooliganism) or frustration ...

What was the moral panic 2011 London riots? ›

The conclusion returns to the question of moral panic. It suggests that since most of what happened had clear precedents in the series of urban riots since the 1980s, there is plenty of evidence to support the idea that the constructions of the 2011 riots are best understood as a moral panic.

What is the reason for the riots in the UK? ›

Disorganised groups of racists took to the streets immediately. These riots have been blamed on the initial spread of both misinformation – led by a usual coterie of bad actors – social media and Elon Musk specifically – and disinformation pushed by Russian and Israeli actors.

What was the most significant cause of the London riots? ›

What was the problem? Two days after the police shooting of a local black man, Mark Duggan, in north London on 6 August 2011, protestors gathered outside the local police station. Mishandling of this protest led to the outbreak of violence and looting.

Who led the violent protest in 1780 against Catholics in London? ›

The perception that the Protestant British State was giving ground to 'popery' fostered protest both in England and Scotland, spearheaded by the Protestant Association. The London branch invited a Scottish peer, Lord George Gordon, to head their cause and to create further pressure on Parliament.

What caused the Jubilee riots? ›

"Walking for God and Raising Hell: the Jubilee Riots"

The Orange Order, famously promoting a British Protestant version of Canada, had denounced the series of pilgrimages proposed by Archbishop John Lynch. Toronto's mayor had also unsuccessfully tried to persuade the Roman Catholic Archbishop to cancel the event.

What started the Birmingham riots? ›

The riots were derived from ethnic tensions between the Caribbean and British Asian communities, with the spark for the riot being an alleged gang rape of a teenage black girl by a group of South Asian men. The rape allegation has never been substantiated.

What were the major causes of riots? ›

Historically, riots have occurred due to poverty, unemployment, poor living conditions, governmental oppression, taxation or conscription, conflicts between ethnic groups (race riot) or religions (e.g., sectarian violence, pogrom), the outcome of a sporting event (e.g., sports riot, football hooliganism) or frustration ...

What were the causes of the Notting Hill race riots? ›

The riot is often believed to have been triggered by an assault against Majbritt Morrison, a white Swedish woman, on 29 August 1958. Morrison had been arguing with her Jamaican husband Raymond Morrison at the Latimer Road Underground station.

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